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Elman Benjamin A. On their own terms: science in China, 1550 - 1900
Автор: Чжан Гэда
Elman Benjamin A. On their own terms: science in China, 1550 - 1900 / Benjamin A. Elman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. – Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England, 2005 – ISBN 0-674-01685-8 (alk. paper)
Contents
List of Maps, Illustrations, and Tables xi
Chinese Dynasties xv
Abbreviations xix
Preface xxi
I Introduction 1
Prologue 3
Finding the Correct Conceptual Grid 4
What Should Be the Literati Theory of Knowledge? 5
Late Ming Classicism in the Context of Commercial Expansion 9
Printing Technology and Publishing 16
Naturalization of Anomalies in Ming China and Early Modern Europe 20
1. Ming Classification on the Eve of Jesuit Contact 24
Ordering Things through Names 24
Collecting the Collectors 34
Late Ming Statecraft, Mathematics, and Christianity 53
Collecting Things in Texts 57
II Natural Studies and the Jesuits 61
2. The Late Ming Calendar Crisis and Gregorian Reform 63
Development of the Ming Astro-calendric Bureau 65
Evolution of the Late Ming Calendar Crisis 73
Gregorian Reform 80
Jesuits and Late Ming Calendar Reform 84
3. Sino-Jesuit Accommodations During the Seventeenth Century 107
European Scientia and Natural Studies in Ming-Qing China 107
Literati Attacks on Calendar Reform in the Early Qing 133
Ferdinand Verbiest and the Kangxi Emperor 144
4. The Limits of Western Learning in the Early Eighteenth Century 150
The Kangxi Emperor and Mei Wending 150
The Rites Controversy and Its Legacy 160
French Jesuits in the Kangxi Court 169
The Newtonian Century and the Limits of Scientific Transmission to China 183
5. The Jesuit Role as Experts in High Qing Cartography and Technology 190
Mensuration and Cartography in the Eighteenth Century 191
Cartography, Sino-Russian Relations, and Qing Imperial Interests 200
The Jesuit Role in Qing Arts, Instruments, and Technology 205
III Evidential Research and Natural Studies 223
6. Evidential Research and the Restoration of Ancient Learning 225
Early Qing Critiques of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming 226
Medical Works and the Recovery of Antiquity 227
Chen Yuanlong and the Mirror of Origins Encyclopedia 236
Revival of Ancient Chinese Mathematics 244
7. Seeking the Truth and High Qing Mathematics 255
High Qing Views of the Investigation of Things 255
Mathematics in an Age of Evidential Research 262
Nativism and Early Nineteenth-Century Mathematics 270
IV Modern Science and the Protestants 281
8. Protestants, Education, and Modern Science to 1880 283
Protestant Missionaries in China 283
Protestants and Modern Science in Shanghai 296
Introduction of Modern Mathematics and the Calculus 303
The Shanghai Polytechnic and Reading Room 308
9. The Construction of Modern Science in Late Qing China 320
Early Science Primers 321
Edkins’s Primers for Science and the Problem of Darwin in China 323
From the Scientific Book Depot to the China Prize Essay Contest 332
Prize Essay Topics and Their Scientific Content 340
Medical Missionaries since 1872 and Medical Questions as Prize Essay Topics 342
Natural Theology, Darwin, and Evolution 345
V Qing Reformism and Modern Science 353
10. Government Arsenals, Science, and Technology in China after 1860 355
From Chinese Working for Missionaries to Missionaries Working for the Dynasty 356
Post-Taiping Reformers and Late Qing Science 357
The Jiangnan Arsenal in Shanghai 359
Technical Learning in the Jiangnan Arsenal and Fuzhou Navy Yard 368
Naval Warfare and the Refraction of Qing Reforms into Failure 376 Reconsidering the Foreign Affairs Movement 386
11. Displacement of Traditional Chinese Science and Medicine in the Twentieth Century 396
Western Learning Mediated through Japan 396
Science and the 1898 Reformers 398
From Traditional to Modern Mathematics 403
Modern Medicine in China 405
Influence of Meiji Japan on Modern Science in China 408
Appendixes
1. Tang Mathematical Classics 423
2. Some Translations of Chemistry, 1855–1873 425
3. Science Outline Series, 1882–1898 426
4. Partial Chronological List of Arsenals, etc., in China, 1861–1892 427
5. Table of Contents for the 1886 Primers for Science Studies (Gezhi qimeng) 428
6. Twenty-three Fields of the Sciences in the 1886 Primers for Science Studies 429
7. Science Compendia Published in China from 1877 to 1903 430
8. Some Officially Selected Chinese Prize Essay Topics from the Shanghai Polytechnic 433
9. Scientific Societies Formed between 1912 and 1927 434
Notes 437
Bibliography of Chinese and Japanese Sources 527
Acknowledgments 541
Credits 543
Index 545
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Elman Benjamin A. On their own terms: science in China, 1550 - 1900
Автор: Чжан Гэда
Просмотреть файл Elman Benjamin A. On their own terms: science in China, 1550 - 1900
Elman Benjamin A. On their own terms: science in China, 1550 - 1900 / Benjamin A. Elman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. – Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England, 2005 – ISBN 0-674-01685-8 (alk. paper)
Contents
List of Maps, Illustrations, and Tables xi
Chinese Dynasties xv
Abbreviations xix
Preface xxi
I Introduction 1
Prologue 3
Finding the Correct Conceptual Grid 4
What Should Be the Literati Theory of Knowledge? 5
Late Ming Classicism in the Context of Commercial Expansion 9
Printing Technology and Publishing 16
Naturalization of Anomalies in Ming China and Early Modern Europe 20
1. Ming Classification on the Eve of Jesuit Contact 24
Ordering Things through Names 24
Collecting the Collectors 34
Late Ming Statecraft, Mathematics, and Christianity 53
Collecting Things in Texts 57
II Natural Studies and the Jesuits 61
2. The Late Ming Calendar Crisis and Gregorian Reform 63
Development of the Ming Astro-calendric Bureau 65
Evolution of the Late Ming Calendar Crisis 73
Gregorian Reform 80
Jesuits and Late Ming Calendar Reform 84
3. Sino-Jesuit Accommodations During the Seventeenth Century 107
European Scientia and Natural Studies in Ming-Qing China 107
Literati Attacks on Calendar Reform in the Early Qing 133
Ferdinand Verbiest and the Kangxi Emperor 144
4. The Limits of Western Learning in the Early Eighteenth Century 150
The Kangxi Emperor and Mei Wending 150
The Rites Controversy and Its Legacy 160
French Jesuits in the Kangxi Court 169
The Newtonian Century and the Limits of Scientific Transmission to China 183
5. The Jesuit Role as Experts in High Qing Cartography and Technology 190
Mensuration and Cartography in the Eighteenth Century 191
Cartography, Sino-Russian Relations, and Qing Imperial Interests 200
The Jesuit Role in Qing Arts, Instruments, and Technology 205
III Evidential Research and Natural Studies 223
6. Evidential Research and the Restoration of Ancient Learning 225
Early Qing Critiques of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming 226
Medical Works and the Recovery of Antiquity 227
Chen Yuanlong and the Mirror of Origins Encyclopedia 236
Revival of Ancient Chinese Mathematics 244
7. Seeking the Truth and High Qing Mathematics 255
High Qing Views of the Investigation of Things 255
Mathematics in an Age of Evidential Research 262
Nativism and Early Nineteenth-Century Mathematics 270
IV Modern Science and the Protestants 281
8. Protestants, Education, and Modern Science to 1880 283
Protestant Missionaries in China 283
Protestants and Modern Science in Shanghai 296
Introduction of Modern Mathematics and the Calculus 303
The Shanghai Polytechnic and Reading Room 308
9. The Construction of Modern Science in Late Qing China 320
Early Science Primers 321
Edkins’s Primers for Science and the Problem of Darwin in China 323
From the Scientific Book Depot to the China Prize Essay Contest 332
Prize Essay Topics and Their Scientific Content 340
Medical Missionaries since 1872 and Medical Questions as Prize Essay Topics 342
Natural Theology, Darwin, and Evolution 345
V Qing Reformism and Modern Science 353
10. Government Arsenals, Science, and Technology in China after 1860 355
From Chinese Working for Missionaries to Missionaries Working for the Dynasty 356
Post-Taiping Reformers and Late Qing Science 357
The Jiangnan Arsenal in Shanghai 359
Technical Learning in the Jiangnan Arsenal and Fuzhou Navy Yard 368
Naval Warfare and the Refraction of Qing Reforms into Failure 376 Reconsidering the Foreign Affairs Movement 386
11. Displacement of Traditional Chinese Science and Medicine in the Twentieth Century 396
Western Learning Mediated through Japan 396
Science and the 1898 Reformers 398
From Traditional to Modern Mathematics 403
Modern Medicine in China 405
Influence of Meiji Japan on Modern Science in China 408
Appendixes
1. Tang Mathematical Classics 423
2. Some Translations of Chemistry, 1855–1873 425
3. Science Outline Series, 1882–1898 426
4. Partial Chronological List of Arsenals, etc., in China, 1861–1892 427
5. Table of Contents for the 1886 Primers for Science Studies (Gezhi qimeng) 428
6. Twenty-three Fields of the Sciences in the 1886 Primers for Science Studies 429
7. Science Compendia Published in China from 1877 to 1903 430
8. Some Officially Selected Chinese Prize Essay Topics from the Shanghai Polytechnic 433
9. Scientific Societies Formed between 1912 and 1927 434
Notes 437
Bibliography of Chinese and Japanese Sources 527
Acknowledgments 541
Credits 543
Index 545
Автор Чжан Гэда Добавлен 16.03.2015 Категория Китай -
Искусство и материальная культура Тайпинского государства
Автор: Чжан Гэда
Оказывается, еще в 2012 г. в Нанкине начались реставрационные работы для восстановления и консервации обнаруженных еще в 1952 г. тайпинских фресок:
К сожалению, в заметке привели только 2 небольших фрагмента из более чем 100 обнаруженных росписей. Картинки маленькие и плохого качества, тем не менее, они есть.
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Церковная живопись
Автор: Saygo
Jesus Heals a Leper, Sermons of Maurice de Sully, Italian (Milan or Genoa), 1320-1330 Paris, Bibliotheque nationale de France, MS Francais 187, fol. 6v
Illuminated Manuscript, Ethiopian Gospels, Crucifixion, Walters Art Museum Ms. W.850, fol. 197r
Sacramentary of Charles the Bald 869-870 f. 6r Christ in a mandorla
Whitenized Negroes: Sacramentary of Charles the Bald 869-870 f. 5v, heavenly court
Angelic Choir (16th c.) Greek Icon, Musei Vaticani, Vatican
Crowned seated figure surrounded by musicians playing the lute, bagpipes, triangle, horn, viola and drums (manuscript) located at the Musee de la Ville de Paris,Musée du Petit Palais, France (13th - 14th century)
St George and the Dragon 16th c. The Karelian Fine Arts Museum, Petrozavodsk, Russia
King David … 1497
GREEK Icon of Saint Nicholas the Miracleworker (c.1600)
St George… (Early 15th c.) The Russian Museum,Saint Petersburg, Russia…
St George and Paul of Xeropotamou holding the effigy of the Monastery (18th c.) from The Holy Monastery of Aghiou Pavlou, Mount Athos, Greece…
St George with scenes from his life. (17th c.) Detail: The beheading of St George and Queen Alexandra. The Holy Monastery of Pantokrator, Mount Athos, Greece….
The Resurrection. Third quarter of the 16th century. The Holy Monastery of Pantokrator, Mount Athos,Greece
St. George with scenes from his life. 17th century. Detail: St George appearing before the King Diocletian. The Holy Monastery of Pantokrator, Mount Athos, Greece
St Constantine and Helen (18th c.) from The Holy Monastery of Aghiou Pavlou
Christ Pantocrator… The Holy Monastery of Aghiou Pavlou (Saint Paul’s) (18th c.) Mount Athos, easternmost peninsula of Chalkidiki, Greece…
All Saints… from The Holy Monastery of Aghiou Pavlou (Saint Paul’s)(c.18th) Mount Athos, easternmost peninsula of Chalkidiki, Greece…
All Saints from The Holy Monastery of Aghiou Pavlou (Saint Paul’s)(c.1757) Mount Athos, easternmost peninsula of Chalkidiki, Greece…
Sabbath of All Saints The 19th century. Palekh
In the icon of the original image of the Sabbath of All Saints, which occupies the middle and lower part of the composition. Of the holy, standing at the bottom of that is the fall of Adam and Eve, with scenes of the expulsion from paradise. Above the tree of paradise - Christ in Glory, above - the Lord of hosts in the forces, they will be the hosts of angels and saints. Above - the six days of creation in the reduced image. Icon is a monument of Palekh icon painting from the middle of the 19th century.
(12th c.) Russian Icon of St George from a cathedral in Nizhny Novgorod…
(c. 1091-1109) Beatus of Liébana, Commentary on the Apocalypse. f. 7v, Detail of an Angel (Symbol of St Matthew)
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Маргиналии: Medieval Angry Birds...
Автор: Чжан Гэда
Совершенно непонятно, почему, но на полях многих средневековых книг религиозного содержания имеются самые что ни на есть причудливые миниатюры.
Что заставляло художников рисовать их в таких серьезных книгах? Как на это смотрели отцы церкви?
Это совершенно непонятная, но от того не менее интригующая тема. Иероним Босх, ИМХО, растет глубинными корнями своими именно из этих "зарисовок на полях".
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