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Картины и климатическое прошлое планеты

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Картины и климатическое прошлое планеты

Яркие цвета крупного извержения вулкана могут раскрашивать закаты по всему миру еще много лет после извержения. Уже известно, что вулканы влияют на атмосферу — после извержения пепел витает в воздухе, преломляя солнечный свет, в результате закаты становятся более яркими.
71a0927c.jpg
Аргентина, закат после извержения чилийского вулкана Пуйеуэ, 12 июня 2011 года. © Patricio Rodriguez | Reuters
Как сообщает Sciencemag.org, капельки серной кислоты попадают в атмосферу, рассеивая голубой свет и порождая яркие малиновые сумерки. Вдохновленные этими необычайными закатами, художники запечатлевали огненные цвета на своих полотнах, как, например, на полотне 1818 года «Женщина перед закатом солнца» немецкого художника Каспара Давида Фридриха. Двумя годами ранее в результате крупных извержений вулканов и выбросов пепла в Северной Америке и Западной Европе была настолько холодная погода, что 1816 год прозвали «годом без лета».
1495e6b8.jpg
«Женщина перед закатом солнца», Каспар Давид Фридрих
Ученые из Греции и Германии провели необычное исследование — они задались вопросом, можно ли использовать картины в качестве свидетельства изменений климата, вызванных вулканическими извержениями. Команда сравнила доли красных и зеленых оттенков в небе на сотнях картин, изображающих закат в период между 1500 и 2000 годами. Вне зависимости от художественного стиля, на картинах, созданных вскоре после вулканических извержений, небо имело больше красных оттенков, чем на тех, что были созданы в период низкой вулканической активности.
c6d35837.jpg
Индонезия, закат после извержения вулкана Мерапи, 13 ноября 2010 года. © Andry Prasetyo | Reuters
Исследователи говорят, что их результаты согласуются с другими индикаторами исторических климатических и атмосферных изменений и выбросов, такими, как ледяные керны. Поскольку данные существующие индикаторы обеспечивают лишь ограниченные данные о краткосрочных тенденциях, ученые надеются, что их исследование поможет климатологам восполнить пробелы, обеспечив их спектром новых данных.

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